Under even the most difficult of circumstances music continued to be composed. Music provided inspiration, comfort and was an outlet for self-expression and resistance. In the post-Holocaust world, music has played a vital role in creating and maintaining collective memory. This lesson will explore some of the musical activities that took place during the Holocaust, and the ways that Jews have collectively remembered the Holocaust through music.
Through this class the learner will understand that:
- Artistic creation did not stop during the Holocaust
- Music played several roles during the Holocaust, including serving as a form of/in support of the resistance; as forced labor; and, simply for the sake of making music
- Music created during the Holocaust continues to play a significant role in the ongoing memorialization/remembrance of the Holocaust.
- Music created during the Holocaust and music influenced by the Holocaust serve to create and maintain “collective memory.”
- Music created during the Holocaust has expanded beyond the Holocaust itself, to be incorporated more generally in moments of memorial and remembrance. (ie. poems of Hannah Senesh put to music used regularly in funerals.)
- The Holocaust has influenced the development of liturgical and art music in the post-Holocaust era as a form of ongoing remembrance and memorial.
Learners will listen to music created both during WWII and after the war. They will be introduced to music created in concentration camps and music used by the resistance. They’ll explore the role that humorous and satirical music played. And, they’ll hear music composed in response to the Holocaust that was written post-war.
Along the way, they’ll be asked questions such as:
- What roles do you think music played for Jews and others oppressed by the Nazi’s?
- Why do you think that, under such difficult circumstances, people continued to compose and perform music?
- How might music be a form of “resistance”?
- How do compositions composed after the war differ from those composed during the war?
- What role does music play in the creation of “collective memory”?